When starting to shade the cloth outline the shadow areas first. This helps to add volume. 

Next, using a 5b pencil apply a general shade (1) all over with a hatching stroke  and darken the shadow areas (2).

 2.

Cross-hatching further strengthens your darks (3). 

To soften the effect, rub down with your finger and then with a rubber, remove some shade to develop lights (4).  Applying pressure to your 5b develops your darks (7).

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Let us look at how to shade & tone.  Look at my drawing (Figure 1) of apples and cloth.  Today I'll work on showing you how to shade the apple and we'll do the cloth next time.  Learning how to draw, shade and tone is imprtant because it teaches you to boserve correctly the subtleties of colour and how to use paint.  In any art class you need to practice both to improve generally.
Figure 1

Using a 2b pencil and starting with the basic drawing, mark out the (A) shadow areas (light is coming from the left) and using simple hatching apply an all-over general shade and then a darker cross-hatching to display the darker right-hand side (B).
Figure 2


From there, taking a 5b pencil, strengthen the hatching creating more darkness on the right (D - Figure 2). Use the side of the pencil lead rather than the point to create a softer look.  Using the point, define the darks on the stalk and also in the crevice at the base of the stalk.  Finally, taking a rubber, remove some colour from the left side (E) and crown (C) to creat the light and also the surface pattern of the apple.

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